{"id":"thermal-time-mismatch","title":"Heat is useful only where and when it is needed","regions":["physical-systems"],"question":"What limits a shared thermal system when heat production and demand occur at different times?","formulation":"The material explicitly notices that a full storage reservoir ceases to solve disposal, then asks about storage duration and alternative storage media. The economic revision narrows the first experiment.","representations":[{"name":"Demand and production over time","affords":"Exposes surplus and shortage periods.","loses":"Needs actual operating profiles.","epistemic_kind":"reconstruction"},{"name":"Storage between mismatched periods","affords":"Shifts usable heat in time.","loses":"Capacity, temperature quality, losses, and cost limit the shift.","epistemic_kind":"reconstruction"}],"tension":"Total annual heat balance can look favorable while the usable temperature and timing do not match.","challenge":"How much of a surplus is usefully recovered rather than merely moved into storage that later saturates?","development":"active","epistemic_kind":"reconstruction","evidence":["basis-thermal-time-mismatch"],"next_move":{"text":"Compare hourly balances and storage saturation across seasons before considering network expansion.","epistemic_kind":"model_proposed"},"open_questions":["What limits a shared thermal system when heat production and demand occur at different times?","How much of a surplus is usefully recovered rather than merely moved into storage that later saturates?"],"formal_status":"open_problem","version":1,"content_hash":"689a8fe8275f66d5e41935cc87ebc0b31f4d9bd7dd7e52c8834ebc78e0f3e072"}