What a partial trace can and cannot identify

What can be inferred from a partial trace, and what remains unidentifiable?

Formülasyon

Distinguish a latent state from its visible projection and ask how multiple views, missing data, and prior structure narrow possible interpretations.

Gerilim

A coherent hidden explanation can fit the observations without being uniquely warranted.

Açık soru

What alternative structure fits the same visible evidence, and what observation would separate them?